How do the Māori traditionally view the land?

The traditional Māori view of the land is deeply rooted in their cultural beliefs, seeing it as a living entity with spiritual significance. This perspective stems from the Māori worldview that emphasizes a connection to the land, known as "whenua," which is not viewed merely as a physical space but as an integral part of their identity and existence. The land is regarded as a source of life that sustains communities, provides for them, and holds ancestral ties and stories. This profound relationship encompasses respect and the responsibility to care for the land, which aligns with Māori concepts of stewardship or "kaitiakitanga."

In this context, the other options reflect interpretations that do not align with Māori values. The view of land as a commodity, an obstacle to progress, or merely a resource for exploitation contrasts with the holistic and respectful relationship Māori people maintain with the environment. Their philosophy instead prioritizes sustainability and the spiritual connection to the land as part of their heritage and culture.